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Upper & Lower QuarterHeadingPage CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION1History2International Definitions4Introduction to Pain 6Myofascial Trigger Points 14CHAPTER 2 - UNDERSTANDING DRY NEEDLING31Models of Dry Needling32Types of Dry Needling34Physiological Effects of Dry Needling35Analgesic Effects35Biochemical Modulation 38Mechanical Effects39Understanding Needles43Handling Needles44Practising Needling/Method Of Needling45Direction Of Insertion46Basic Insertion Techniques47Manipulation47Order Of Insertion And Removal Of Needles48Patient Education49Hygiene49Material Required53Indications53Contraindications53Precautions55Appropriate Selection Of Patient55Procedure of Dry Needling56Advantages57Management Of Adverse Events57 CHAPTER 3 - TRIGGER POINT DRY NEEDLING (UPPER QUARTER)60Supraspinatus61Infraspinatus62Rhomboid Major And Rhomboid Minor63Latissimus Dorsi65Upper Trapezius66Teres Major68Teres Minor 69Subscapularis70Levator Scapulae71Deltoid72Biceps 74Triceps75Anconeus76Brachialis77Brachioradialis78Supinator79Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis80Extensor Digitorum81Extensor Carpi Ulnaris82Pronator Teres83Flexor Carpi Radialis 84Flexor Digitorum Profundus And Superficialis85Adductor Pollicis87Opponens Pollicis88Abductor Pollicis Brevis89Dorsal Introssei90CHAPTER 4 - TRIGGER POINT DRY NEEDLING (LOWER QUARTER)91Gluteus Maximus92Gluteus Medius93Gluteus Minimus94Piriformis95Tensor Fascia Latae96Adductor Magnus 97Adductor Longus98Pectenius99Rectus Femoris100Vastus Lateralis101Vastus Medialis102Vastus Intermidius103Hamstring104Sartorius106Popliteus107Gastronemius108Soleus110Plantaris111Tibialis Anterior112Tibialis Posterior113Peroneus Tertius114Peroneus Longus115Extensor Hallucis Longus116Extensor Digitorum Longus117Extensor Digitorum Brevis 118Flexor Hallucis Longus119Flexor Hallucis Brevis120Extensor Hallucis Brevis121Adductor Hallucis 122Abductor Hallucis 123Flexor Digitorum Brevis124Abductor Digiti Minimi125Quadratus Plantae126Dorsal And Planter Interossei127SUGGESTIVE READING129.